Research Projects

MONITORING CLIMATE AND WEATHER IN NEW JERSEY

PI: Robinson

Co-PI: None

Agency: NOAA

Title: Trends and Variability of Global Snowfall and Snow Cover

Abstract:

PI: Robinson

Co-PI: None

Agency: NASA

Title: A Hybrid Approach for Evaluating and Predicting Interactions Between the Seasonal Snow Pack and the Atmosphere

Abstract: Snow cover is an important component of the Earth's climate system, affecting boundary layer climate variables such as atmospheric temperature, atmospheric moisture, sensible and latent heat fluxes, and radiative fluxes. The water content and subsequent ablation of a snow pack is important to the hydrology of a given region, influencing stream flow, flooding (timing and intensity), soil moisture, water resources, vegetation distributions and agricultural productivity. The physical characteristics of the snow pack, working synergistically with atmospheric processes, determine the ablation rate and subsequent liquid water output from the pack. Because snow pack characteristics such as snow water equivalent, albedo, patchiness, liquid water content and density are so important in the ablation process, it is imperative that we understand their relationship to atmospheric forcings if we are to accurately model and predict the coupled surface-atmosphere system.

To address these basic research questions, this project has begun to define the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the seasonal snow pack model output (SNTHERM and MM5, respectively) and observed data. This analysis will allow for an assessment of the current techniques and the optimum design for snow cover ablation monitoring and prediction using remotely sensed data as well as climate models. We are currently evaluating the dynamic nature of ephemeral snow cover in eastern North America utilizing a combined modeling and field observation approach. In particular, we are examining the ways in which snow water equivalent, albedo, patchiness, liquid water content and density affect the ablation process. Information on synoptic weather patterns and their accompanying surface energy fluxes have been combined with derived snow pack characteristics to ascertain the relative importance of each to snow ablation.

PI: Robinson

Co-PI: None

Agency: USDA

Title: NJFireNet: Real Time Observational Tools for Fire and Weather Decision Makers

Abstract: The Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist (ONJSC) at Rutgers University operates the New Jersey Weather and Climate Network, or NJWxNet.  This unique network of new and existing stations will eventually consist of over 100 weather stations throughout the state.  Our web site (http://climate.rutgers.edu/njwxnet) serves as "a one-stop Internet resource for New Jersey weather and climate data."  A reliable, dense observation network is necessary to reduce vulnerability and maximize security and operational efficiency during fire weather situations.  NJWxNet data provide an increased ability to monitor the conditions favorable for fire weather events.

With fire weather conditions often changing rapidly, it is imperative for decision makers to have access to local real time observations to identify, analyze and respond to hazardous situations. NJWxNet information enables fire weather decision-makers to identify and communicate environmental conditions to protect and save lives and property by maximizing the efficiency of personnel and resources.

The Pinelands region of New Jersey has historically been a "hole" for real time environmental observations.  With the recent installation of weather stations in the Pinelands by the ONJSC, the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDAFS) and the NJ Forest Service (NJFS), there is a unique opportunity to combine these observational resources for fire weather applications.  We propose to incorporate forest service observations in New Jersey with the existing NJWxNet.  Real time and archived hourly observations will be available for fire weather research and monitoring efforts.  Specialized tools and products will be made available to fire weather specialists.

PI: Robinson

Co-PI: None

Agency: NJ DOT

Title: Optimum Placement of Road Weather Info System Stations Across New Jersey

Abstract:

PI: Robinson

Co-PI: None

Agency: NJDEP

Title: New Jersey Mesonet: Enhanced Monitoring of NJ Precipitation

Abstract: Support is requested from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) to establish 13 state-of-the-art environmental monitoring stations to assist with drought assessment across New Jersey. The NJ Mesonet will serve as the primary data source for the New Jersey DroughtWatch, a web-based system for monitoring drought conditions throughout New Jersey’s 21 counties that is under development at the Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist ONJSC through NJDEP support.

It is imperative that accurate, timely, environmental information is available from all corners of the State for those needing to assess precipitation deficits and their potential impacts on many drought-sensitive issues, such as water supplies, water quality, agriculture, horticulture, and fire danger. Measurements of precipitation, solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, soil moisture and soil temperature will provide accurate, reliable information critical to evaluating the status of New Jersey’s water resources.

There are no stations in New Jersey with the full suite of instruments necessary for monitoring the potential evolution of drought. By placing two NJ Mesonet stations in each of the six NJDEP drought monitoring zones, a much more complete picture of atmospheric and surface conditions will be available for those charged with making decisions concerning NJ water supplies.

The 13 NJ Mesonet stations funded by the NJDEP will be purchased and installed within 18 months of the receipt of funds. Data from these 13 stations will be communicated, processed, and disseminated in a reliable manner within two years of the receipt of funds.

PI: Robinson

Co-PI: None

Agency: NJOEM (Division of the NJ State Police, Dept. of Law and Public Safety)

Title: The NJ Weather Safety Network: Development & Operations

Abstract: The New Jersey Weather Safety Network (NJSafetyNet) will serve as a comprehensive, indispensable information resource for public safety needs in the Garden State. The NJSafetyNet will be a collection of approximately 35 new and existing weather stations placed at public safety locations, ranging from State Police barracks to local OEM offices. There will be at least one station in each county. These stations will be integrated for dissemination via the NJSafetyNet website, which will also include links to other weather information (i.e., radar and other National Weather Service products) and training materials. As part of the larger NJ Weather and Climate Network, the NJSafetyNet will provide a unique set of real time information for public safety official to minimize impact costs associated with hazardous events. The NJSafetyNet is operated by the Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist (ONJSC).